The Egyptian God Corpus

Sources

Every source cited anywhere in the corpus. Public-domain works are archived locally and can be re-checked; works in copyright are cited and never reproduced.

Follow any key to see exactly what rests on it. If a source turned out to be wrong, these pages tell you which claims would have to go with it — which is the only honest way to publish a reference built on century-old translations.

Load-bearing sources

budge-1904

Budge, The Gods of the Egyptians (1904), vol. II, ch. XVIII. Public domain, archived in sources-texts/. Budge caveat applies. Note that this chapter closes with several pages of frankly racial argument about pre-Islamic Arabs ("worshippers of stocks and stones," not "sufficiently developed, either mentally or spiritually") — that material is his period, not evidence, and nothing in this entry rests on it.

584 attestations · 185 entries

budge-1895

Budge, The Book of the Dead: The Papyrus of Ani (1895), ch. CXLVII. Public domain, archived in sources-texts/. Budge caveat applies: the transliterated name is reliable, any translated meaning is his interpretation.

133 attestations · 58 entries

budge-1905

Budge, The Book of Am-Tuat (1905), vol. I. Public domain, archived. The scene is described in his introduction rather than in a numbered division, which is why it went unfound in the division-by-division sweeps.

51 attestations · 30 entries

budge-1901

Budge, the Negative Confession of BD 125. Public domain, archived in sources-texts/. The parenthetical glosses are Budge's editorial additions, not translations of the Egyptian.

37 attestations · 37 entries

breasted-1912

Breasted, Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt. Public domain, archived. He quotes the Pyramid Texts in translation with paragraph numbers, and the numbers immediately around this line (§§1266–7, §251) belong to the neighbouring quotations; the citation for the Kherti sentence itself is not cleanly recoverable from the scan.

20 attestations · 10 entries

budge-1905-gates

Budge, The Egyptian Heaven and Hell / The Book of Gates (1905), vol. II, tenth division of the Tuat, pp. 273–278. Public domain, archived in sources-texts/. Budge caveat applies; this is scene description and translated caption, his most reliable register.

17 attestations · 9 entries

budge-1901v3

Budge, The Book of the Dead: An English Translation, vol. III (1901). Public domain, archived. His index distinguishes the instrument from the god by spelling and by label, which is the whole of the evidence and is unusually clean.

15 attestations · 12 entries

budge-1906

Budge, The Egyptian Heaven and Hell (1906), vol. I, alternative scan. Public domain, archived. The OCR of this roster is damaged — positions 2, 6, 7 and 8 are partly or wholly lost, and Budge's own caption ("Six gods who praise Ra at dawn") does not match his count of twelve.

14 attestations · 13 entries

herodotus-ii

Herodotus, An Account of Egypt (Histories II), trans. G. C. Macaulay. Public domain, archived as herodotus-book2-account-of-egypt-macaulay.txt. Corrected 2026-07-30 — this line previously named the Rawlinson translation and said the text was not archived; the archived edition is Macaulay's, and it is now quoted throughout. Herodotus is a foreign visitor writing roughly two millennia after the cult began: he is a first-rate witness to Late Period practice he saw, and not a witness to what the goddess meant in the Old Kingdom.

11 attestations · 6 entries

budge-1914

Budge, Literature of the Ancient Egyptians. Public domain, archived. The god is named only in the provenance note; the stele's actual text, which Budge translates at length, is about Isis and Horus and does not mention him.

10 attestations · 6 entries

sethe-1908

Sethe, Pyramidentexte. Fetched and unusable: the digitised volumes are printed hieroglyphs, and the OCR is noise. See C167. Breasted's translations are the practical substitute.

9 attestations · 9 entries

petrie-1895

Petrie, Egyptian Tales first series (1895), the Westcar Papyrus. Public domain, archived in sources-texts/. A literary tale, not a ritual text — evidence of what the gods were imagined doing, which is a different thing from cult practice.

8 attestations · 4 entries

plutarch-iside

Plutarch, De Iside et Osiride, trans. King (1908). Public domain. Source of the five-days birth narrative.

8 attestations · 8 entries

classical

Aelian (De Natura Animalium xi. 10), Pliny (Nat. Hist. viii. 72), Strabo (xvii. 31) and Diodorus (i. 85), cited by Budge at second hand and genuinely not archived here. Greek and Roman observers of a foreign cult — good on procedure, unreliable on meaning. The two members of the old [classical] group that are on disk now have bullets of their own, above.

7 attestations · 3 entries

petrie-1895b

Petrie (ed.), Egyptian Tales, Second Series, Griffith's translation of Papyrus D'Orbiney. Public domain, archived 2026-07-30. The primary witness.

7 attestations · 1 entries

herodotus-iii

Herodotus, The History, Book III (Thaleia), trans. G. C. Macaulay. Public domain, archived 2026-07-30, closing C392. Extracted from the Gutenberg volume without Books I–II, because Book II is already held separately and archiving it twice would double every hit drawn from it (C384). Supplies the markings, the conception, the oracle interval, and the Cambyses episode entire.

5 attestations · 1 entries

budge-1905-amtuat

Budge, The Book of Am-Tuat (1905), vol. I, fifth circle. Public domain, archived in sources-texts/. Budge transcribes the fourth chief differently in the two books — see open threads.

4 attestations · 4 entries

plutarch-de-iside

Plutarch, De Iside et Osiride, Babbitt (Loeb) translation. Public domain, archived 2026-07-29. Searched: no occurrence of "Hermanubis"; no two-cocks sacrifice. The Anubis-as-horizon passage is at § 44.

4 attestations · 2 entries

mercer-1952

Mercer, The Pyramid Texts in Translation and Commentary (1952). Public domain by verified non-renewal (Stanford renewal database, searched 2026-07-31: no records); retrieved via Wayback Machine snapshots of the sacred-texts transcription. The first post-Budge translation on this shelf, and it cites by Sethe § numbers — the modern standard.

4 attestations · 2 entries

herodotus-bk2

Herodotus, Histories Book II (An Account of Egypt), Macaulay translation. Public domain, archived 2026-07-29 in sources-texts/. Fetching this corrected the entry; see the correction box above.

2 attestations · 1 entries

budge-1905b

Budge, The Egyptian Heaven and Hell, Vol. II (1905). Public domain.

1 attestations · 1 entries

bremner-rhind

Bremner-Rhind Papyrus, British Museum EA 10188. Citation incomplete: no public-domain edition identified for this corpus yet. Faulkner's edition is in copyright.

1 attestations · 1 entries

plutarch

Plutarch, De Iside et Osiride, trans. Babbitt (Loeb). Public domain, archived as plutarch-de-iside-et-osiride-babbitt-loeb.txt. Corrected 2026-07-30: this line previously called the text unavailable and cited it through Budge, while the archive held it. Plutarch is a Greek priest of Delphi writing c. AD 100 for a Greek readership — first-rate on what the Alexandrian cult said about itself, and a foreigner reporting Egyptian religion at second hand. His etymologies are Greek guesswork and are recorded as such.

1 attestations · 1 entries

naville

Naville, Das aegyptische Todtenbuch der XVIII. bis XX. Dynastie (1886). Public domain. The Einleitung — the introduction volume, in German — is archived as naville-1886-todtenbuch-einleitung-de.txt; the variant spellings are in the plate volumes, which are not. Checked 2026-07-30: the archived volume contains none of these names. Corrected 2026-07-30: the earlier wording declared the whole work absent, which was wrong about the book and right about the gap (C390).

1 attestations · 1 entries

wilkinson-2003

Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. In copyright; cited, not reproduced.

1 attestations · 1 entries

shabaka-stone

the Shabaka Stone, British Museum EA 498. Citation incomplete: a public-domain edition or translation has not yet been identified for this corpus. Do not treat this key as resolved untilcarries a full entry.

1 attestations · 1 entries

naville-1875

Naville, La litanie du soleil (1875). Public domain (French).

1 attestations · 1 entries

book-heavenly-cow

The Book of the Heavenly Cow. Citation incomplete: a specific public-domain edition or translation has not yet been identified for this corpus. Do not treat this key as resolved untilcarries a full entry.

1 attestations · 1 entries

mariette-1882

Mariette, Le Sérapéum de Memphis (1882). Public domain, archived in sources-texts/. French. Mariette excavated the site; his observations of objects are first-rate and his theology is of its period.

1 attestations · 1 entries

Full bibliographic lines